England is home to some of the most stunning and historically significant castles in the world. These fortresses, palaces, and manor houses are more than just remnants of the past; they are vibrant parts of England’s cultural heritage. In this guide, we’ll explore the best castles in England, showcasing the top picks that every traveler should add to their bucket list.
Must-Visit English Castles
The best castles in England offer a window into the country’s rich and varied history. From royal residences to formidable fortresses, these castles represent the pinnacle of England’s architectural and cultural legacy.
1. Windsor Castle: The Royal Residence
- Location: Windsor, Southern England
- Highlights: Royal history, stunning architecture, State Apartments
- Visitor Tips: Arrive early to witness the Changing of the Guard.
Windsor Castle, the world’s oldest and largest occupied castle, has been a royal residence for over 1,000 years. This iconic fortress is not only the preferred weekend home of Queen Elizabeth II but also the site of significant royal events. The castle’s State Apartments are adorned with some of the finest works of art from the Royal Collection, making it a must-visit for art lovers. Don’t miss St. George’s Chapel, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture and the final resting place of many monarchs.
2. Tower of London: A Fortress of History
- Location: London, Southern England
- Highlights: Crown Jewels, medieval fortress, guided tours
- Visitor Tips: Purchase tickets online to skip the queue.
The Tower of London is one of England’s most famous landmarks, known for its dark history as a prison and execution site. Today, it houses the Crown Jewels, a collection of some of the most precious and historic artifacts in the world. The White Tower, the oldest part of the fortress, was built by William the Conqueror and offers a fascinating insight into Norman military architecture. Be sure to join one of the Yeoman Warder (Beefeater) tours to hear chilling tales of the tower’s past.
3. Warwick Castle: A Medieval Marvel
- Location: Warwick, Midlands
- Highlights: Daily events, dungeons, scenic views
- Visitor Tips: Perfect for families with children due to interactive exhibits.
Warwick Castle is a stunning example of a medieval fortress, with over 1,100 years of history to explore. The castle has been beautifully preserved and offers a range of interactive experiences, from jousting tournaments to dungeon tours. Children will love the Horrible Histories Maze, while adults can enjoy the stunning views from the castle’s towers. Warwick Castle is not just a historical site but a fully immersive experience that brings England’s medieval past to life.
4. Leeds Castle: The Loveliest Castle in the World
- Location: Kent, Southern England
- Highlights: Moat, gardens, family activities
- Visitor Tips: Explore the surrounding parkland for a peaceful escape.
Often referred to as “the loveliest castle in the world,” Leeds Castle is set on two islands in a picturesque lake. This fairy-tale castle has been a Norman stronghold, a royal residence, and even a private home. Today, it’s one of England’s most popular tourist attractions, offering a mix of history, art, and outdoor activities. The castle’s gardens are a particular highlight, with a maze, grotto, and aviary providing entertainment for visitors of all ages.
5. Alnwick Castle: Hogwarts and Beyond
- Location: Northumberland, Northern England
- Highlights: Harry Potter filming location, grand interiors, gardens
- Visitor Tips: Join a special tour focusing on the Harry Potter filming locations.
Alnwick Castle is not only one of the best castles in England but also one of the most recognizable, thanks to its starring role as Hogwarts in the Harry Potter films. The castle’s grand interiors and expansive gardens make it a popular destination for both history buffs and film fans. The castle also hosts a variety of events, including medieval reenactments and themed tours, making it a dynamic and engaging site for visitors.
6. Dover Castle: The Key to England
- Location: Dover, Southern England
- Highlights: Medieval tunnels, coastal views, World War II history
- Visitor Tips: Don’t miss the underground hospital tour.
Standing atop the White Cliffs of Dover, Dover Castle has been a symbol of England’s defense for over 900 years. Known as the “Key to England,” the castle has played a crucial role in the country’s military history, from medieval times through to World War II. The extensive network of tunnels beneath the castle was used during the Napoleonic Wars and later during World War II as a command center. Today, visitors can explore these tunnels, including the underground hospital, which offers a vivid insight into wartime life.
7. Bamburgh Castle: A Coastal Fortress
- Location: Northumberland, Northern England
- Highlights: Coastal views, historical exhibits, medieval architecture
- Visitor Tips: Visit in the late afternoon for stunning sunset views.
Perched on a rocky outcrop overlooking the North Sea, Bamburgh Castle is one of England’s most dramatic fortresses. The castle has a rich history, having been the seat of the Kings of Northumbria and later a Norman stronghold. Today, it houses an impressive collection of artifacts, including arms and armor, artwork, and archaeological finds. The castle’s location offers breathtaking views of the surrounding coastline, making it a favorite spot for photographers and history enthusiasts alike.
8. Hever Castle: Anne Boleyn’s Childhood Home
- Location: Kent, Southern England
- Highlights: Tudor history, gardens, moat
- Visitor Tips: Explore the interactive Tudor exhibitions.
Hever Castle is most famous as the childhood home of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII and mother of Queen Elizabeth I. The castle offers a fascinating glimpse into Tudor life, with beautifully furnished rooms and an extensive collection of Tudor portraits. The gardens at Hever Castle are equally impressive, featuring a stunning Italian garden, a topiary, and a large lake. The castle also offers a range of family-friendly activities, making it a great day out for all ages.
9. Bodiam Castle: The Picture-Perfect Castle
- Location: East Sussex, Southern England
- Highlights: Moat, scenic views, medieval architecture
- Visitor Tips: Ideal for photography enthusiasts.
Bodiam Castle is one of England’s most picturesque castles, with its perfectly preserved medieval architecture and idyllic moat. Built in the 14th century, Bodiam Castle was intended to defend against French invasion during the Hundred Years’ War. Despite its military purpose, the castle’s design is more akin to a fairy-tale fortress, making it one of the most photographed castles in England. Visitors can explore the castle’s ruins, including the tower, battlements, and great hall, while enjoying the stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
Hidden Gems: Lesser-Known Best Castles in England
While the famous castles attract most of the attention, England is also home to numerous lesser-known castles that offer equally fascinating experiences. These hidden gems are perfect for those looking to explore beyond the usual tourist spots.
1. Rochester Castle: A Norman Stronghold
- Location: Rochester, Southern England
- Highlights: Norman architecture, riverside location
- Visitor Tips: Visit the nearby cathedral to complete your day.
Rochester Castle is one of the best-preserved Norman castles in England, with a history that stretches back nearly 1,000 years. The castle’s impressive keep, which stands 113 feet tall, is one of the tallest in England and offers stunning views over the River Medway. The castle has withstood multiple sieges and has a rich history of warfare and rebellion. Despite its turbulent past, the castle remains remarkably intact and is a testament to the strength of Norman military engineering.
2. Sudeley Castle: The Resting Place of a Queen
- Location: Gloucestershire, Cotswolds
- Highlights: Tudor history, Queen Katherine Parr’s tomb
- Visitor Tips: Wander through the award-winning gardens.
Sudeley Castle is nestled in the heart of the Cotswolds and is renowned for its beautiful gardens and its connection to English royalty. The castle is the final resting place of Queen Katherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII, and visitors can see her tomb in the castle’s chapel. Sudeley Castle’s gardens are a particular highlight, having won numerous awards for their beauty and design. The castle also hosts a range of events throughout the year, including garden tours, historical reenactments, and craft fairs.
3. Arundel Castle: A Stately Home with a View
- Location: West Sussex, Southern England
- Highlights: Extensive grounds, Gothic architecture
- Visitor Tips: Plan your visit during the annual tulip festival.
Arundel Castle is one of the most magnificent stately homes in England, with a history that dates back to the Norman Conquest. The castle has been the seat of the Dukes of Norfolk for over 850 years and is still a family home today. The castle’s Gothic architecture is particularly striking, and the interior is filled with fine furniture, art, and tapestries. The castle’s grounds are equally impressive, with a range of gardens, including a rose garden, a kitchen garden, and a stunning tulip festival held each spring.
Visiting English Castles: Tips and Insights
Visiting the best castles in England can be a magical experience, but a little planning can go a long way in making the most of your trip. Here are some tips and insights to help you plan your visit.
Best Time to Visit
- Spring and Autumn: These seasons offer mild weather and fewer crowds, making them ideal for visiting castles. The gardens are often at their best in spring, with flowers in full bloom, while autumn brings stunning fall foliage.
- Summer: Summer is the busiest time of year for tourists, but it’s also when many castles host special events, such as jousting tournaments, medieval fairs, and outdoor concerts. If you don’t mind the crowds, summer can be a great time to experience these events.
- Winter: While some castles may have reduced hours or be closed during the winter, others, like Warwick Castle, offer Christmas-themed events and decorations. Visiting a castle in winter can also be a more intimate experience, with fewer tourists and the possibility of seeing the castle covered in snow.
Guided Tours vs. Self-Guided Tours
- Guided Tours: Many castles offer guided tours, which can be a great way to learn more about the history and architecture of the castle. Guides often share fascinating stories and insights that you might miss on your own. Some castles also offer special themed tours, such as ghost tours or behind-the-scenes tours.
- Self-Guided Tours: If you prefer to explore at your own pace, a self-guided tour might be the best option for you. Many castles provide audio guides or guidebooks to help you navigate the site and learn more about its history. Self-guided tours also allow you to linger in areas that interest you most or skip parts that don’t.
Accessibility and Family-Friendly Castles
- Best for Families: If you’re traveling with children, consider visiting Warwick Castle, Leeds Castle, or Hever Castle. These castles offer a range of family-friendly activities, such as interactive exhibits, playgrounds, and falconry displays. Warwick Castle, in particular, is known for its family-friendly events, including jousting tournaments, medieval banquets, and Halloween festivities.
- Accessible Castles: While many of England’s castles are historic buildings with steep stairs and uneven terrain, some castles have made efforts to improve accessibility. Windsor Castle and the Tower of London both offer wheelchair access to many areas, as well as accessible restrooms and parking. If you have mobility concerns, it’s a good idea to check the castle’s website or contact them in advance to find out what facilities are available.
Castle Day Trips from London
- Windsor Castle: Located just 30 minutes by train from London, Windsor Castle is one of the easiest and most popular day trips from the capital. You can spend the morning exploring the castle and its grounds, then enjoy lunch in the charming town of Windsor before heading back to London.
- Hever Castle: Hever Castle is also within easy reach of London, just a short drive or train ride away. The castle’s beautiful gardens and interactive Tudor exhibitions make it a great destination for a day trip.
- Leeds Castle: Often referred to as “the loveliest castle in the world,” Leeds Castle is another excellent day trip option from London. The castle’s scenic parkland and wide range of activities make it a perfect choice for families or those looking for a peaceful escape from the city.
Photography Tips for Capturing Castles
- Golden Hour: The best time to photograph castles is during the golden hour, which occurs shortly after sunrise and before sunset. The soft, warm light during these times creates a magical atmosphere and enhances the beauty of the castle’s architecture.
- Wide-Angle Lens: A wide-angle lens is ideal for capturing the grandeur of the castles and their surroundings. It allows you to fit more of the castle into the frame and can create a sense of scale that emphasizes the castle’s size and majesty.
- Details: Don’t forget to capture the details, such as the intricate stonework, stained glass windows, and ornate doorways. These close-up shots can add depth to your photo collection and highlight the craftsmanship that went into building these historic structures.
English Castle Experiences
The best castles in England offer more than just a chance to step back in time; they also provide unique experiences that can make your visit truly unforgettable.
Castle Accommodations: Stay in a Historic Fortress
- Amberley Castle: West Sussex – For a truly unique experience, consider staying overnight in a castle. Amberley Castle, a 12th-century fortress in West Sussex, has been transformed into a luxurious hotel. Guests can stay in one of the castle’s beautifully appointed rooms, dine in the elegant restaurant, and explore the castle’s grounds, which include a moat, drawbridge, and medieval gardens.
- Thornbury Castle: Gloucestershire – Another option is Thornbury Castle, a Tudor-era castle in Gloucestershire where Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn once stayed. The castle offers a range of accommodations, from opulent suites to cozy rooms, all furnished with antique furniture and rich fabrics. Guests can also enjoy a range of activities, including archery, falconry, and wine tasting.
Special Events at English Castles
- Jousting Tournaments: Many of England’s castles host jousting tournaments during the summer months, where you can watch knights in armor compete in this thrilling medieval sport. Warwick Castle is particularly famous for its jousting events, which feature skilled riders, dramatic music, and plenty of audience participation.
- Medieval Banquets: Some castles, such as Coombe Abbey and Lumley Castle, offer medieval banquets where you can enjoy a feast fit for a king. These events often include live entertainment, such as jesters, musicians, and dancers, and provide a fun and immersive way to experience life in the Middle Ages.
Exploring Castle Gardens
- Hever Castle Gardens: The gardens at Hever Castle are a highlight of any visit, with over 125 acres of formal gardens, lakes, and woodland. The Italian Garden, designed to display William Waldorf Astor’s collection of Italian sculpture, is particularly stunning, with its series of classical statues, fountains, and terraces. The garden also features a maze, a water maze, and a topiary chess set, providing plenty of entertainment for visitors of all ages.
- Sudeley Castle Gardens: Sudeley Castle’s gardens are equally impressive, having been named one of the top gardens to visit in England. The gardens include the award-winning Queen’s Garden, which is planted with over 80 varieties of roses, as well as the Knot Garden, the Secret Garden, and the Wildflower Meadow. Each garden offers a different experience, from the formal elegance of the Knot Garden to the natural beauty of the Wildflower Meadow.
Best Castles in England for Different Interests
Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or ghost stories, there’s a castle in England for you. Here are some of the best castles in England for different interests.
Best Castles for History Lovers
- Tower of London: With over 1,000 years of history, the Tower of London is a must-visit for history lovers. From its origins as a royal palace to its role as a prison and execution site, the tower has played a central role in England’s history. Be sure to explore the White Tower, the oldest part of the fortress, as well as the Crown Jewels, which include some of the most famous and valuable treasures in the world.
- Warwick Castle: Warwick Castle is another top choice for history enthusiasts, with its well-preserved medieval architecture and interactive exhibits. The castle’s dungeons offer a chilling insight into medieval justice, while the Great Hall and State Rooms showcase the castle’s rich history and opulent decor. Don’t miss the castle’s daily events, which include jousting tournaments, archery displays, and falconry demonstrations.
Best Castles for Architecture Enthusiasts
- Bamburgh Castle: Bamburgh Castle’s Norman architecture is a stunning example of medieval military design. The castle’s keep, with its thick stone walls and narrow slit windows, is a reminder of its defensive purpose, while the grand interiors reflect its later role as a stately home. The castle’s location, perched on a rocky outcrop overlooking the North Sea, adds to its dramatic appeal.
- Arundel Castle: Arundel Castle is a perfect blend of Gothic and Victorian architecture, with its towering turrets, crenellated walls, and ornate stone carvings. The castle’s interiors are equally impressive, with fine furniture, tapestries, and artwork on display. The castle’s chapel, built in the 14th century, is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, with its soaring vaulted ceilings and intricate stained glass windows.
Best Castles for Ghost Hunters
- Chillingham Castle: Chillingham Castle, known as the most haunted castle in England, is a must-visit for ghost hunters. The castle’s long and bloody history, including its role in the English-Scottish wars, has left behind a number of restless spirits. Visitors can join a ghost tour to explore the castle’s most haunted areas, including the Torture Chamber, the Edward Room, and the Chapel. The castle also offers overnight stays for those brave enough to spend the night in one of its haunted rooms.
- Berry Pomeroy Castle: Berry Pomeroy Castle, a ruined castle in Devon, is another top destination for ghost hunters. The castle is said to be haunted by the spirits of Lady Margaret Pomeroy, who was imprisoned and starved to death by her jealous sister, and the White Lady, who is believed to be the ghost of Lady Eleanor, a victim of a tragic love affair.The castle’s eerie atmosphere and tragic history make it a popular spot for paranormal investigations.
Best Castles for Families
- Warwick Castle: Warwick Castle is a family-friendly destination with plenty of activities to keep children entertained. The castle offers a range of interactive exhibits, including the Horrible Histories Maze, the Time Tower, and the Castle Dungeon. There are also daily shows and events, such as jousting tournaments, falconry displays, and archery demonstrations. For those looking for a more immersive experience, the castle offers themed sleepovers and glamping in the castle grounds.
- Leeds Castle: Leeds Castle is another great choice for families, with its wide range of attractions and activities. The castle’s maze, made up of 2,400 yew trees, is a favorite with children, as is the grotto, which features an underground labyrinth of passages and chambers. The castle also offers a range of outdoor activities, including falconry displays, boat trips on the moat, and golf on the castle’s 9-hole course.
Best Castles for Scenic Views
- Dover Castle: Dover Castle offers some of the most stunning views in England, with its location atop the White Cliffs of Dover. From the castle’s battlements, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the English Channel and the surrounding countryside. On a clear day, you can even see the coast of France. The castle’s location also makes it a great spot for photography, particularly at sunrise or sunset.
- Bodiam Castle: Bodiam Castle’s picturesque setting, surrounded by a moat and lush countryside, makes it one of the most photogenic castles in England. The castle’s reflection in the still waters of the moat creates a fairy-tale-like image that’s perfect for photography. The castle’s location in the heart of the East Sussex countryside also offers plenty of opportunities for scenic walks and picnics.
Conclusion
Exploring the best castles in England is like stepping into a time machine, offering a glimpse into the country’s fascinating past. From the iconic Windsor Castle to the hidden gem of Sudeley Castle, each of these fortresses has its own unique story to tell. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or just looking for a fun day out, these castles offer something for everyone. Add these castles to your bucket list and immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of English history.
